• Introduction The cytoskeleton allows cells to establish main

  2024-04-19

  

  Introduction The cytoskeleton allows cells to establish, maintain and transform their shape. In neurons, these include cell differentiation, migration, polarization and development of their unique arborization. Axons are very thin (~1 μm), long (up to 1m) and highly branched (>95% of the plasma mem

• Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune disorder

  2024-04-19

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness, which is mainly due to autoantibodies reducing the number or function of postsynaptic triapine receptors (AChRs) [1], [2]. Animal models have been developed to uncover the immunopathogenesis of MG. Expe

• The acetylcholinesterase AChE inhibitor tacrine

  2024-04-19

  

  The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, tacrine (THA), exerts neuroprotective effects in time- and does-dependent manners against glutamate neurotoxicity (Takada-Takatori et al., 2006a, 2006b) and amyloid-β protein toxicity in PC12, a pheochromocytoma line (Wang et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 2000).

• Despite hydrolysis with commercial enzymes like trypsin peps

  2024-04-19

  

  Despite hydrolysis with commercial enzymes like trypsin, pepsin, Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Thermolysin have been used to digest parent proteins and generate peptides, microbial fermentation by proteolytic species has also proved to be a successful strategy (Fakhfakh et al., 2013, Jemil et al., 2016,

• Compounds are representatives of an

  2024-04-19

  

  Compounds – are representatives of an array of MBG targets (, ) related to imidazole standard that were synthesized and initially tested in a rat CYP17 lyase screening assay (). The inhibitors were synthesized as racemates by coupling of 6,7-dimethoxy-naphthalene-2-isopropyl ketone with the requisit

• The ATX LPA signaling axis

  2024-04-19

  

  The ATX–LPA signaling “axis” [5] has been implicated in a perplexing variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including vascular and neural development [5], [26], [27], [28], [29], tumor progression and metastasis [30], [31], lymphocyte trafficking [22], bone development [32], neur

• br Conflict of interest br Introduction Ovarian cancer

  2024-04-19

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women. The American Cancer Society estimates that about 22,280 new ovarian cancer cases and 14,240 deaths will occur in the United States in

• 6 ohda br Innate immune mechanisms that confront viral

  2024-04-19

  

  Innate immune mechanisms that confront viral infection Autophagy induction by virus sensing Antiviral xenophagy and virophagy The presence of viral particles within autophagosomal structures has been visualized in only rare instances. This is the case for HSV-1 when it is devoided of ICP34.

• phosphocreatine br Material and methods br Results br Discus

  2024-04-19

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion The present study demonstrates for the first time that Mino selectively induces apoptosis in Jurkat phosphocreatine via an H2O2 signaling-dependent mechanism. Structurally, Mino is composed of a C10 and C12 phenol group, C12a hydroxyl group, and C1 a

• APP is a member of a

  2024-04-18

  

  APP is a member of a conserved protein family that also includes amyloid precursor-like proteins 1 and 2 (APLP1, APLP2).8, 9, 10 The proteins in this family are type I single-pass transmembrane Angiotensin 1/2 (1-7) amide with receptor-like structural features but not entirely clear cellular functi

• br Material and methods br Results br Discussion In

  2024-04-18

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion In order to find new and improved ways of treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other related conditions it is vital that investigators gain a more in-depth understanding of the effects that anti-diabetic treatments, such as TZDs, have on molecules impli

• Evidence shows that glial activation increases the expressio

  2024-04-18

  

  Evidence shows that glial activation increases the expression of cytokines and chemokines in Parkinson's disease, which precede the degeneration of the substance nigra (Halliday and Stevens, 2011, Tansey and Goldberg, 2010). The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (except aspirin) can preve

• Our present result that week old PKA

  2024-04-18

  

  Our present result that ≤2-week-old 150ΔPKA mice express normal LTP that does not depend on CP-AMPARs also supports the collective findings of previous work showing that LTP mechanisms are remarkably adaptable in juvenile animals compared with adults. In particular, GluA1 knockout, S845A/S831A, and

• br Conclusion br Conflicts of interest br

  2024-04-18

  

  Conclusion Conflicts of interest Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative condition known to cause dementia (Ferri et al., 2005). Alzheimer’s dementia typically presents with initial recent episodic memory deficits, word finding difficulty and later with apraxia

• Although several studies indicate that ALDH protects the hea

  2024-04-18

  

  Although several studies indicate that ALDH2 protects the heart from injury and maladaptive remodeling (reviewed in [11], [12], [13]), accumulating evidence indicates that deficiency of the enzyme could be protective as well. For example, mice expressing the defective Aldh2*2 mutation show lower ald

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